Europe Considers Space-Based Data Centers as a Viable Answer to Data Needs

The EU’s ASCEND study, backed by $2.1 million in funding, has concluded that launching data centers into orbit is technically, economically, and environmentally feasible. This innovative approach aims to reduce the energy consumption of traditional, earth-based data centers by utilizing solar energy in space. According to a report by CNBC, the study envisions deploying space-based data storage facilities at an altitude of 1,400 kilometers, benefiting from the “infinite energy” captured from the sun.

As global electricity consumption by data centers is expected to surpass 1,000 terawatt-hours by 2026, matching Japan's energy use, a space-based approach could greatly reduce the strain on Earth's energy resources. The ASCEND study, orchestrated by Thales Alenia Space for the European Commission, suggests deploying 13 space data center units with an overall capacity of 10 megawatts by 2036. This initiative aims to expand to 1,300 units by 2050, achieving a total capacity of 1 gigawatt.

While the concept shows promise, the study acknowledges challenges, such as developing eco-friendly launchers to minimize CO2 emissions. ArianeGroup is working on such launchers, aiming for deployment by 2035. However, experts like Merima Dzanic from the Danish Data Center Industry Association and Michael Winterson from the European Data Centre Association highlight concerns over sustainability, security, and the practicalities of maintaining these space-based centers.

Despite these challenges, the ASCEND project represents Europe's effort to gain a competitive edge in the AI ecosystem and ensure data sovereignty. The researchers are collaborating with the International Space Agency to advance the project's next phase, potentially making it a flagship for European space development.